What is IASTM and the Graston Technique?

IASTM stands for Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and is closely associated with the Graston Technique. The Graston Technique is a manual therapy that uses specialized ergonomic stainless steel tools to gently massage and scrape the skin. These instruments target soft tissue injuries affecting connective tissues, muscles, nerves, and skin. This method effectively treats conditions such as repetitive stress injuries, strains, sprains, and subluxations. It has proven success in addressing issues like quadriceps pain, rotator cuff injuries, carpal tunnel syndrome, lower back pain, plantar fasciitis, tennis elbow, and even headaches.

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How Does a Physical Therapist Use the Graston Technique?

Treatment begins with a warm-up to prepare the soft tissue, making scar tissue more responsive. Using a stainless steel tool, the therapist glides over the skin, focusing on areas of scar tissue called adhesions. This controlled friction helps break down these adhesions, promoting healing. The therapist adjusts the speed and pressure of the tool to suit the patient’s needs. After the scraping, stretching exercises are performed to improve flexibility, and cold packs may be applied to reduce soreness. Typically, patients receive two treatments per week over about five weeks, with noticeable relief often by the third or fourth session.

Other healthcare professionals like occupational therapists, chiropractors, and athletic trainers also use IASTM techniques.

Benefits of the Graston Technique

Enhances blood flow to injured areas, speeding healing
Breaks down restrictive collagen cross-links
Stimulates cellular activity for tissue health
Reduces inflammation and pain
Improves mobility and daily function

The Science Behind the Graston Technique

Scar tissue is fibrous connective tissue that receives less blood flow and is less flexible than healthy tissue. It often forms around ligaments, tendons, and muscles after injuries, creating adhesions that restrict normal movement. Common injuries leading to adhesions include shin splints, hamstring pulls, and meniscal tears.

Adhesions limit tissue mobility and can cause fascial restrictions by binding fascia layers together. Even everyday wear and tear can cause muscle fibers to stick together irregularly. The Graston Technique, through IASTM, helps separate these muscle fibers, relieving pain and restoring functional movement.