Torticollis

Understanding Torticollis

Torticollis literally means “twisted neck.” It generally occurs in two forms:

• Congenital torticollis, present at birth, often caused by positioning in the womb, complications during delivery, reduced blood flow to neck muscles, muscular fibrosis, or spine anomalies.
• Acquired torticollis, which develops later due to injury or trauma such as car accidents or illnesses.

Even if a child is born with normal head and neck alignment, torticollis can develop from spending excessive time in positions that strain the neck, such as lying on the back, or sitting in car seats, swings, or strollers.

While torticollis is most common in infants and children, adults can also experience neck pain and limited motion caused by muscle or nervous system injury.

Typical Treatment for Torticollis

In many adults, torticollis resolves within a few days without intervention. However, early treatment is critical for infants and children to prevent permanent muscle shortening and disability. The first line of treatment usually involves stretching exercises designed to lengthen and strengthen the affected neck muscles. Approximately 80% of children respond well to these non-invasive therapies.

If stretching and conservative treatments are ineffective, surgery may be recommended to lengthen tight muscles and restore normal head position. Post-surgery, physical therapy is important to strengthen neck muscles and prevent recurrence.

How Physical Therapy Helps Torticollis

Physical therapy goes beyond surgical recovery and plays a vital role in improving range of motion, reducing muscle tightness, and strengthening the motor skills needed for proper head and neck positioning.

A physical therapist will begin with a thorough assessment of your or your child’s neck mobility and check for related conditions such as plagiocephaly (abnormal head shape), spinal issues, or hip dysplasia. After the evaluation, a tailored treatment plan will be developed.

Therapy often includes both passive and active stretching exercises performed in the clinic and at home. These exercises help increase flexibility and build strength in the neck and shoulder muscles that support good posture. Even infants who cannot yet hold their heads up consistently can benefit greatly from early intervention.

Take the Next Step

If you or your child is experiencing painful or abnormal head or neck positioning, contact us at Greenwood, IN center to schedule an evaluation. Our skilled physical therapists will create a personalized treatment plan to address torticollis, helping you or your little one move comfortably and pain-free.